Calculating pH of Buffer Solutions The pH of a?buffer?solution?can be calculated using: The?Ka?of the?weak acid The?equilibrium concentration?of the?weak acid?and its?conjugate base?(salt) To deter...
Buffers A?buffer solution?is a solution in which the pH does not change a lot when small amounts of acids or alkalis are added A buffer solution is used to keep the pH almost constant A buffer can ...
Calculating [H+] & pH If the concentration of H+?of an acid or alkali is known, the?pH?can be calculated using the equation: pH = -log [H+] Similarly, the?concentration?of?H+?of a solution can ...
Calculating pH, Ka, pKA & Kw pH The?pH?indicates the?acidity?or?basicity?of an acid or alkali The pH scale goes from 0 to 14 Acids have pH between 0-7 Pure water is?neutral?and has a pH of 7 Ba...
Conjugate Acids & Bases A?Br?nsted acid?is a species that can donate a proton For example, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a Br?nsted acid as it can lose a proton to form a hydrogen (H+) and chlorid...
Calculating Free Energy Change Using Standard Electrode Potentials The?standard free energy change?can be calculated using the standard cell potential of an electrochemical cell ΔG??= - n x?Ecell??...
The Nernst Equation Under non-standard conditions, the cell potential of the half-cells is shown by the symbol?Ecell The effect of changes in?temperature?and?ion concentration?on the?Ecell?can be d...
Effect of Concentration on Electrode Potential Changes in?temperature?and?concentration?of aqueous ions will affect the standard electrode potential (E?) of a half-cell Under these?non-standard con...
Electrochemical Series The?E??values of a species indicate how?easily?they can get?oxidised?or?reduced In other words, they indicate the relative?reactivity?of elements, compounds and ions as?oxidi...
