Acid & Base Dissociation Strong acids A?strong acid?is an acid that?dissociates?almost?completely?in aqueous solutions HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3?(nitric acid) and H2SO4?(sulfuric acid) The ...
Br?nsted–Lowry Theory The Br?nsted-Lowry Theory?defines acids and bases in terms of proton transfer between chemical compounds A?Br?nsted-Lowry acid?is a species that?gives away?a?proton?(H+) A?Br?...
Common Acids An?acid?is a substance that?neutralises?a base forming a?salt?and?water: 2HCl(aq) + CaO(s) ? CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) acid??????????????????????????????? salt Acids react with bases to form ...
Haber & Contact Processes Equilibrium reactions are involved in some stages of large-scale production of certain chemicals An understanding of equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle is theref...
Changes that Affect the Equilibrium Constant Changes in concentration If all other conditions stay the same, the equilibrium constant?Kc?is?not affected?by any changes in concentration of the react...
Equilibrium Constant: Calculations Calculations involving?Kc In the equilibrium expression each figure within a square bracket represents the concentration in?mol dm-3 The?units?of?Kc?therefore dep...
Equilibrium Constant: Concentrations Equilibrium expression & constant The?equilibrium expression?is an expression that links the?equilibrium constant,?Kc, to the?concentrations of reactants an...
Le Chatelier's Principle Position of the equilibrium The?position of the equilibrium?refers to the relative amounts of products and reactants in an equilibrium mixture. When the position of equilib...
Reversible Reactions & Dynamic Equilibrium Reversible reaction Some reactions go to completion where the reactants are used up to form the products and the reaction stops when all of the reacta...
