CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.7.8 Br?nsted–Lowry Theory
Br?nsted–Lowry Theory
- The Br?nsted-Lowry Theory?defines acids and bases in terms of proton transfer between chemical compounds
- A?Br?nsted-Lowry acid?is a species that?gives away?a?proton?(H+)
- A?Br?nsted-Lowry base?is a species that?accepts?a proton (H+) using its?lone pair of electrons
The diagram shows a Br?nsted-Lowry acid which donates the proton to the Br?nsted-Lowry base that accepts the proton using its lone pair of electrons
- Species that can act both as acids and bases are called?amphoteric
- Eg. water as a Br?nsted-Lowry acid
The diagram shows water acting as a Br?nsted-Lowry acid by donating a proton to ammonia which accepts the proton using its lone pair of electrons
The diagram shows a dot & cross diagram for the reaction of water with ammonia to show how water acts as a Br?nsted-Lowry acid and ammonia as a Br?nsted-Lowry base
- Eg. water as a Br?nsted-Lowry base
The diagram shows water acting as a Br?nsted-Lowry base by accepting a proton from hydrochloric acid proton using its lone pair of electrons
The diagram shows a dot & cross diagram for the reaction of water with hydrochloric acid to show how water acts as a Br?nsted-Lowry base and ammonia as a Br?nsted-Lowry acid
- The Br?nsted-Lowry Theory is not limited to aqueous solutions only and can also be applied to reactions that occur in the gas phase
Example of a Br?nsted-Lowry acid and base reaction in the gas state
Exam Tip
An atom of hydrogen contains 1?proton, 1 electron and 0 neutrons. When hydrogen loses an electron to become?H+?only a?proton?remains, which?is why a H+?ion is also called a proton.
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