1. Enzyme as biological catalyst 2.?Enzymes can be used repeatedly?(酶可以重復使用) 3.?A small amount of enzyme is required 4.?Enzyme is a kind of protein 5.?affected by temperature and pH value of the environment.?(酶會被溫度,pH等影響) 6.?Enzymes possess specificity?(酶具有特異性)
Enzyme 工作一共有兩種mechanism: a. lock and key model and b. induced fit model
Lock and key model應該很好理解,substrate are exactly complimentary to enzyme active site.他們是一個完美的契合結構,像鑰匙和鎖一樣。Induced fit mode是指當substrate結合到active site后,enzyme will change its structure,使得substrate和active site的結合更加地緊密,提高了酶的催化能力。
我們接下來講一下chemical reaction.對于一個化學反應AB + CD → AC + BD, AB和CD是這個酶的substrate,或者稱為substrate. 我們得到的AC和BD就是產物(product)
上圖中的EA就像一個山丘,it is the minimum energy for a reaction to take place。那么酶是如何加速化學反應的呢?
答案是酶能夠降低反應的EA,讓山丘矮了些。所以‘Enzymes lowers the activation energy by holding the substrate or substrates in such a way that their molecules can react more easily’酶催化的反應將在較低的溫度下迅速發生,一般能加速108到1011倍。