The Hubble Constant By rearranging the equation for Hubble’s law, we can determine that the Hubble constant,?H0, is: Where: v?= recessional velocity of an object (km s–1) d?= distance between the o...
Redshift Equation Recall the Doppler effect is defined as: The apparent change in wavelength or frequency of the radiation from a source due to its relative motion away from or toward the observer ...
Doppler Shift If a wave source is stationary, the wavefronts spread out?symmetrically If the wave source is moving, the waves can become?squashed?together or?stretched?out If the wave source is mov...
The Life Cycle of Stars The life cycle of stars go in predictable stages The exact route a star's development takes depends on its initial mass Initial Stages for All Masses The first four stages i...
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The Hertzsprung - Russell Diagram Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung, and American astronomer Henry Noris Russell, independently plotted the?luminosity?of different stars against their?temperature...
Determining distance using standard candles Standard Candles A standard candle is defined as: An astronomical object which has a known luminosity due to a characteristic quality possessed by that c...
Determining Distance using Parallax The?principle of parallax?is based on how the position of an?object?appears to change as the position of the?observer?changes For example, when?observing?the sca...
Inverse Square Law of Flux The moment the light leaves the surface of the star, it begins to spread out uniformly through a spherical shell Light sources which are further away appear fainter becau...
