在ALEVEL 物理的考試中,Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation的考試時(shí)間是1小時(shí)15分鐘,共計(jì)2題,分值分別為15分。對于ALEVEL物理想要拿A的同學(xué)來說,這30分至關(guān)重要。假設(shè)某同學(xué)在AS物理的考試中已經(jīng)獲取了A的成績,那么本次A2考試也得到A后,ALEVEL物理這門成績必定是A。
而A2的Paper?4與Paper?5總成績合計(jì)在80分左右,則就能保證A2的成績?yōu)锳。30分內(nèi),得到至少20分的成績后,對于Paper?4的得分要求就降低了很多(100分內(nèi)得到60分即可)。相對而言,第二題的數(shù)據(jù)處理較為簡單,而第一題的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)就是完全開放的敘述題了,很多學(xué)生無從下手。
本篇文章將對學(xué)生棘手的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)題進(jìn)行分析,幫助廣大考生們在Paper 5得到一個(gè)優(yōu)異的成績。
我們先來分析下這15分的得分是如何分布的。1)?Defining the problem, 3分; 2) Methods of data collection, 5分; 3) Method of analysis, 2分; 4) Safety considerations, 1分; 5) Additional detail, 4分.?因此我們只需要按分答題即可拿到這15分。
在Definingthe problem中,這3分分別對應(yīng)定義independent variable,dependent variable以及控制其他變量。Methods of data collection則跟具體題目有關(guān),對于能得分的點(diǎn)是:label diagram,表明自變量如何測量,表明應(yīng)變量如何測量,重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)采用取平均值得方法來獲取數(shù)值,以及如何才能得到實(shí)驗(yàn)需要的值。第三部分Method of analysis則相對簡單,我們要表明所畫的graph的橫軸與縱軸所對應(yīng)的值,和實(shí)驗(yàn)想要求的值的表達(dá)式(跟斜率與截距有關(guān))。第四部分Safety considerations的1分也與具體實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容有關(guān),一般用“precaution linked to…”來回答。最后的Additional detail則更為開放,可對測量方法進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,也可以對安全問題進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,并且數(shù)據(jù)分析這塊的補(bǔ)充肯定是“Relationship is valid if the graph is a straight line passing through the origin or having a y-intercept”.
至此,我們來結(jié)合實(shí)際題目來應(yīng)用下上述提到的方法。
A student is investigating simple harmonic motion using an electric vibrator. A plate is attached to the top of the electric vibrator. A small mass is placed on the metal plate as shown in Fig.1.1.
An alternating potential difference (p.d.) is applied to the vibrator. For a given peak p.d., there is a maximum frequency ?at which the small mass remains in contact with the plate. The contact between the small mass and plate is lost when the frequency is greater than "f".
It is suggested that the relationship between?and ?is
k=π2 f2 V
where "k"is a constant.
Design a laboratory experiment to test therelationship between "f "?and "v"?.
首先我們先完成Definingthe problem的3分:
1) "V" is the independent variable;
2) "f" is the dependent variable;
3) keep the position of the mass constant.
其次完成Methodsof data collection的5個(gè)點(diǎn):
1) labelled diagram showing signal generator connected to vibrator with two wires with mass on plate;
2) voltmeter connected in parallel with vibrator in a workable circuit;
3) measure?"f" from signal generator;
4) detail regarding mass leaving the plate;
5) repeat each experiment for the same value of "V".
Method of analysis的2分較為簡單:
1)?plot a graph of f2 against 1/V;
2)?k = gradient * π2
關(guān)于Safety我們可以指出:precaution linked to mass leaving vibrating plate.
最后我們補(bǔ)充4點(diǎn)內(nèi)容作為Additional detail:
1) 先寫上萬用句:relationship is valid if the graph is a straight line passing through the origin;
2) wait for vibrator to oscillate evenly;
3) method to determine period of oscillation from c.r.o;
4) clean surfaces of metal plate.
根據(jù)上述的真題分析,運(yùn)用我們講解過的方法便順利完成了這道題目。可能有的學(xué)生無法完成拿到15分的分值,那么應(yīng)用上述解題思路,失分點(diǎn)就控制在Methods of data collection以及最后的Additional detail這兩塊中。由于幾個(gè)點(diǎn)沒有踩到給分點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤,那么也能保證在10分以上的成績。對于我們Paper 5拿20以上的目標(biāo)也有了良好的保障。

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