寫好IB?EE Part 5——段落結(jié)構(gòu)
How to write your extended essay?
Introduction of the paragraph structure.
每個(gè)Paragraph基本有以下幾個(gè)部分:
1. Topic Sentence
2. Example 1
3. Example 2
(possible, even example 3 if needed)
4. Reason
5. Summary
具體的分析我們來看下下面的例子:

第一句,However, the V-Weapons brought their share of troubles to the Germans as well as the allies. “However”表達(dá)和這個(gè)段落和上個(gè)段落的邏輯關(guān)系是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。第一句整體作為Topic sentence引出了這一整段的內(nèi)容,讓讀者在第一句里就能快速have a sense of the entire paragraph.
第二句,“The project itself had over 12,000 working at Peenumünde at its height, as well as thousands more working as forced slave labour to produce the rockets in the underground product facilities at Mittelwerk, Wiener Neustadt and Friedrichshafe ”是個(gè)詳細(xì)的example。
具體形容了出現(xiàn)了哪些 “trouble”, 用具體的人數(shù),thousands more (數(shù)以千計(jì)), forced slave labour (強(qiáng)迫性勞力,為了表達(dá)強(qiáng)迫性,使用了slave表達(dá)了程度) 等詞描述了使用V-weapon的德國(guó)自身遇到的困難。
在舉例的時(shí)候句點(diǎn)前使用了in-text citation表達(dá)了論據(jù)的出處(右上角的15),這些作為論據(jù)的部分一般都引用了外部資料,需要使用我們之前和大家講過的direct quotes or paraphrasing
第三句,為了讓數(shù)字更有說服力,讀者更有代入感,”This extraordinary example of manpower was comparable to that of the Manhattan project in size and scope.” 用了Manhattan project 做參考,使用對(duì)比讓人對(duì)研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)V-power的weapon使用的人力更有實(shí)感。
最后一句,總結(jié)了全文, “Money as well as people, was piled into the project”. 再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了V-weapon的產(chǎn)生是投入了大量的人力和物力的,加強(qiáng)了讀者的印象。
上面是我給大家舉的例子是個(gè)比較短的段落,那寫到論點(diǎn)更加復(fù)雜或者文章的核心論點(diǎn)的部分,可能需要使用更多的example來進(jìn)行說明,每個(gè)example之間也需要清晰的表達(dá)出時(shí)間或者邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。
在大綱的基礎(chǔ)上,寫出具體的論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)的時(shí)候每個(gè)段落都要使用類似的段落結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是在body of the essay的部分),這些段落結(jié)構(gòu)再根據(jù)邏輯進(jìn)行連接,最后連成完整的一篇文章。
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