The Refractory Period Very shortly (about 1 ms)?after an action potential?has been generated in a section of the axon membrane, all the?sodium ion voltage-gated channel proteins in this sect...
Action Potentials Neurones?transmit?electrical impulses, which travel extremely quickly along the neurone?cell surface membrane?from one end of the neurone to the other Unlike a normal elect...
Resting Potentials Neurones?transmit?electrical impulses, which travel extremely quickly along the neurone?cell surface membrane?from one end of the neurone to the other In a?resting axon?(o...
Calculating Cardiac Output Cardiac output?(CO) is the term used to describe the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart (the left and right ventricle) per unit of time An average adult h...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.5.5 Practical: Investigating Carbon Dioxide & Photosynthesis Practical: Investigating Carbon Dioxide & Photosynthesis The?iodine test for starch?can ...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.5.4 Practical: Investigating Light & Photosynthesis4 Practical: Investigating Light & Photosynthesis Although plants synthesise glucose during photos...
The Autonomic Nervous System There are several circumstances that can cause an individual's heart rate to increase, such as during exercise The?brain?is involved in this response of the hear...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.5.3 Practical: Investigating Photosynthesis & the Evolution of Oxygen Practical: Evolution of Oxygen We can demonstrate the evolution of oxygen (from the...
Investigating Variables that Affect Heart Rate There are a wide range of factors that influence the heart rate of an organism Experiments can be designed to investigate the effect of a named...
