Collision Theory Collision theory The?collision theory?states that for a chemical reaction to take place the particles need to?collide?with each other in the correct?orientation?and with enough?ene...
Bond Energy During a reaction, enthalpy changes take place because bonds are being broken and formed Energy (in the form of heat) is needed to overcome attractive forces between atoms Bond breaking...
Electron Pairs The?valence shell electron pair repulsion theory?(VSEPR) predicts the shape and bond angles of molecules Electrons are?negatively charged?and will repel other electrons when close to...
State Changes Changes of state are?physical changes?that are reversible These changes do not change the chemical properties or chemical makeup of the substances involved Vaporization?includes?evapo...
Mole & Avogadro Constant The?Avogadro constant?(NA?or?L) is the number of particles equivalent to the relative?atomic?mass?or?molecular mass?of a substance The Avogadro constant applies to atom...
Relative Masses Atomic Mass Unit The mass of a single atom is so small that it is impossible to weigh it directly Atomic masses are therefore defined in terms of a?standard?atom which is called the...
Structure of an Atom All matter is composed of?atoms, which are the smallest parts of an element that can take place in?chemical reactions Atoms are mostly made up of?empty?space?around a very smal...
Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA The genetic code is?universal, meaning that almost every organism uses the same four nitrogenous bases – A, T, C & G. There are a few exceptions The g...
Genome Sequencing Projects A genome contains?all of the genes within an organism Advances in technology have allowed scientists to map and sequence the genes within an organism's genome Genome sequ...
