Deriving the Equation for Resistors in Series In a series circuit, the combined resistance of two or more resistors is the sum of the individual resistances In a series circuit: The current is the ...
Solving Problems with Kirchhoff's Laws Kirchhoff’s laws can be used to solve simple circuit problems Worked Example For the circuit below, state the readings of ammeters A1, A2? and A3. Worked Exam...
Kirchhoff's Second Law Kirchhoff’s second law states that: The sum of the e.m.f’s in a closed circuit equals the sum of the potential differences This is a consequence of conservation of?energy Bel...
Kirchhoff's First Law Kirchhoff’s first law states that: The sum of the currents entering a junction always equal the sum of the currents out of the junction This is a consequence of conservation o...
Internal Resistance All power supplies have some resistance between their terminals This is called?internal resistance?(r) This internal resistance causes the charge circulating to dissipate some e...
Electromotive Force When charge passes through a power supply such as a battery, it?gains?electrical energy The?electromotive force (e.m.f)?is the amount of?chemical?energy converted to?electrical?...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology: Double Science 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.1.6 Living Organisms: Reproduction & Growth Reproduction Reproduction?is the process that leads to the?production of more of the s...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology: Double Science 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.1.5 Living Organisms: Movement & Control Movement Movement is an?action by an organism?causing a?change of position or place The m...
Circuit Symbols The diagrams below show the various circuit symbols that could be used in circuit diagrams. You will be expected to recognise and draw all of these The most common symbols are as fo...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology: Double Science 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.1.4 Living Organisms: Response to Surroundings Response to Surroundings The sensitivity?of an organism refers to its ability to detect...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology: Double Science 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.1.3 Living Organisms: Excretion Excretion Chemical reactions?that take place inside living cells are described as?metabolic reactions ...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology: Double Science 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.1.2 Living Organisms: Nutrition & Respiration Nutrition Organisms must obtain food to provide?energy Energy is necessary to carry out life proce...
