• To make monosaccharides more suitable for storage they are bonded together to form?disaccharides?and?polysaccharides
  • Polysaccharides are insoluble so have less influence on the process of?osmosis
• Disaccharides and polysaccharides are formed when?two hydroxyl (OH) groups?on different monosaccharides interact to form a?strong covalent bond?called a?glycosidic bond
• The name of the glycosidic bond that forms depends on the?location of the OH groups?on the monosaccharides concerned, e.g.
  • If the OH groups are located on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 4 of the other, a?1,4 glycosidic bond forms
  • If the OH groups are located on carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 6 of the other, a?1,6 glycosidic bond forms
• Every glycosidic bond results in?one water molecule being released, thus glycosidic bonds are formed by a?condensation reaction

Glycosidic bonds form through condensation reactions, during which a water molecule is released. When two glucose molecules are joined by a glycosidic bond, the resulting disaccharide is maltose.

Glycosidic bonds can link monosaccharides together to form polysaccharides such as amylopectin, a form of starch. Amylopectin contains 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds.

• There are many different types of monosaccharide, which join together to form?different disaccharides,?e.g.
  • Two molecules of glucose join to form?maltose
  • Glucose joins with the monosaccharide fructose to form?sucrose
  • Glucose joins with the monosaccharide galactose to form?lactose

Breaking the glycosidic bond

• The glycosidic bond is broken when?water is added?in a?hydrolysis reaction
  • Hydro = water
  • Lysis = to break
• Examples of hydrolytic reactions include the?digestion of food?in the alimentary tract and the?breakdown of stored carbohydrates?in muscle and liver cells for use in cellular?respiration

Glycosidic bonds are broken when water is added in a hydrolysis reaction