2. content words:內容關鍵詞就是所有考綱的內容。根據題目中的內容關鍵詞,你可以判斷出你的文章的重點是什么,怎么篩選知識點。
a.?Explain the market failure, which arises from the characteristics of public?goods.
b.?Discuss whether the use of cost-benefit analysis helps to improve?economic decision-making.
根據 content words,我們可以看出,這題考的重點是第三章的知識點;問題分為 2 個部分,建議時間分配 a 部分 20mins,b 部分 30mins。
現在我們來看 directive words,一般來說,在 as 階段,essay question 的 a 部分的 directive words 都是 explain ,而 b 部分的 directive words 都是 discuss。
Part a:
subject content 是 ‘the characteristics of public goods’,所以你的 essay 里你要簡單介紹這些特征;
directive words 是 explain,意味著你要解釋說明原因,在這里,你要解釋為什么 the characteristics of public goods 會導致 market failure,最好再通過具體典型的例子來圍繞說明。比如,你可以通過 national defense 的例子來解釋。
Part b:
B 部分的 directive word 是 discuss,也就是說,文章一定要寫雙面,即正反面,切忌。 why cost-benefit analysis can improve economic decision making and?why in some cases, it does not ‘improve economic decision making’。也就是說CBA 使用的優勢以及此方法的問題。同樣的,通過穿插例子,邊解釋理論,邊結合 example,這樣你的文章才能上一個檔次
Goleman’s four main EI competencies
? ? Self-awareness
? ? Self-management
? ? Social awareness
? ? Social skills
Motivation Theories
Main content theorists (Maslow,Taylor, Mayo, Herzberg)
Maslow:?Physical => Safety => Social =>Esteem => Self actualisation
Taylor:?Man is driven by money alone.Applied the scientific approach to management:
Select => Observe => record => Identify quickest method => Train => supervise => Pay by results
Mayo:
Motivation improved by: Consulting workers / Working in teams /Workers making decisions that affect themselves /Establishing targets
Less affected by: Working conditions
Herzberg:
Satisfiers(Motivators):Achievement / Recognition / Work / Responsibility / Advancement?Dissatisfiers(Hygiene):Company policies and administrations / Supervision / Salary / Relationships with others / Working conditions
Process theorists (McClelland, Vroom)
McClelland:three types of motivational need
AS物理考試分3次,最早的一次是structured questions, 在5月5日,再遲一點的是practicals,最晚的是multiple choices,在6月10日。因此,建議大家多針對P2的考題進行復習,并且在做習的時候側重P2。
P2中的題型分成幾種。
第一種是純計算,或者根據公式,或者根據圖表,這種類型較為簡單。
第二種是證明題,標志性單詞"show that"。對待這種題型時候需要小心,首先必須be aware 要考的是哪些知識點,另外還要正確的展示出你的思維過程,逆推或者以結論證明結論都不行。
第三種是最被大家所憎惡的"definition","what is meant by", "describe and explain", "state and explain"這些類型。大家憎惡"definition"和"what is meant by", 大部分原因是這些需要記憶,事實上細心的人會發現,每一條"definition"都有keywords,只要keywords寫到了,就沒問題啦;而"describeand explain", "state and explain"這種類型,一般需要先describe或者state, 而后需要explain,在解釋過程中,需要展示給examiner的是你認為需要用到的知識點,以及能夠將這些知識點串到一起的正確的邏輯思維。
第四種是"design experiment",這種恐怕是大部分人不習慣的,因為它是“非典型性結構題”。這些實驗通常會出現在課本上,但是由于某些原因被大家忽略,即使有人注意到了,在碰到它時可能因為不知道如何去描述而導致整道題死光光,因此這種題得分率一般很低。
但是有經驗的人會注意到,這種題的回答方法其實有技巧,一般都是diagram with label + description + explanation, 或者diagram with label + measurement +data analysis.
結構的幾種不同畫法或寫法:
Molecular ?formula
Structural ?formula
Displayed ?formula
Skeletal ?formula
Three‐dimensional?structures
Functional ?groups:?within?a class of compounds all the?compounds consist of?molecules with a particular atom, or grouping of atoms, called a functional group.
Functional group can be?alkanes, alkenes, arenes, and belows.
(sigma ?bonds; ?pi?bonds)
Isomerism
?? Structural ?isomerism
?? Chain ?isomerism
?? Position ?isomerism
?? Functional ?group?isomerism
?? Stereo isomerism
?? Cis--‐trans?isomerism
?? Optical ?isomerism
Organic ?reactions:
Fission?of ?bonds
nucleophile: a donator?of a pair of electron
Other ?types ?of ?organic?reactions
?? Addition
?? Substitution
?? Elimination
?? Hydrolysis
?? Oxidation
?? Reduction

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