哈佛國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文大賽HIEEC-競賽介紹-歷年真題

由哈佛本科經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)會(huì) &?《哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)評(píng)論》聯(lián)合主辦?

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哈佛國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文比賽

Harvard International Economics?Essay Contest

席卷經(jīng)濟(jì)圈，10月重磅來襲學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)介紹

哈佛國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文大賽HIEEC由哈佛大學(xué)本科生經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)（HUEA）和《哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)論》（HCER）聯(lián)合主辦。本次論文比賽面向所有高中生，讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)展示自己的寫作水平和對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的理解。通過比賽，學(xué)生可以磨練學(xué)術(shù)和專業(yè)技能，并向未來的雇主很好的展示自己，獲得更多學(xué)術(shù)項(xiàng)目。

參賽者須利用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)案例提出一個(gè)令人信服的論點(diǎn)。獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐膶l(fā)表在《哈佛經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)論》（Harvard Economics Review）上，供更多哈佛人閱讀。論文應(yīng)側(cè)重于以事實(shí)和參考文獻(xiàn)為支撐的論證，當(dāng)然也歡迎基于數(shù)據(jù)撰寫的論文。

學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)規(guī)則

參賽者必須從四個(gè)題目中選擇一個(gè)寫一篇1500字以內(nèi)的論文。同時(shí)，參賽者必須通過HUEA網(wǎng)站提交論文，并且只能提交一篇文章，如果提交多篇，評(píng)委會(huì)只會(huì)對(duì)第一篇論文進(jìn)行評(píng)審。每篇論文提交時(shí)將會(huì)收取20美元的評(píng)審費(fèi)，需在提交論文時(shí)支付。

論文將由HUEA和HCER的董事會(huì)進(jìn)行評(píng)審，前10名文章將由哈佛知名教授、2016年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主Oliver Hart評(píng)審。

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2020年HIEEC論文寫作官方命題

問題1：

1. The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has massively disrupted global markets, policy decision making, and day-to-day human experience. In what ways has the pandemic impacted markets? How have your economic relationships, and market interactions been impacted? What policy work is needed to combat the economic stress? How will

markets, trade, and decision making be impacted after the pandemic is resolved?

2020年新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延極大地?cái)_亂了全球市場、政策決策和人類日常生活。疫情在哪些方面影響了市場？你的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系、市場互動(dòng)受到了怎樣的影響？應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力需要哪些政策工作？疫情結(jié)束后，市場、貿(mào)易和決策將受到怎樣的影響？

問題2：

2. Traditional economic theory tells us individuals use rational calculations to make rational decisions. However, recent behavioral economics research suggests actors in markets do not always make rational decisions. In what ways can people make suboptimal decisions? What are the implications of these decisions? How can markets or governments correct for these inefficiencies?

傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論告訴我們：個(gè)體利用理性計(jì)算做出理性決策。然而，最近的行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究表明，市場參與者并不總是做出理性的決策。人們可以通過什么方式作出次優(yōu)決定？這些決策的影響是什么？市場或政府如何糾正這些低效現(xiàn)象？

問題3：

3. Secular stagnation describes a prolonged period of low economic growth. Many economists believe the United States is currently facing (and will continue to face) secular stagnation. Why has secular stagnation occurred in the United States? Is secular stagnation permanent? How can the United States increase its growth over the

long term?

長期停滯是指長期的低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，美國目前正面臨（并將繼續(xù)面臨）長期停滯。為什么美國會(huì)出現(xiàn)長期停滯？長期停滯是永久性的嗎？美國如何才能長期提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長？

問題4：

4. The advancement of technology, artificial intelligence, and robot techniques will rapidly change the labor market as we know it. Many workers are predicted to be permanently displaced. What are the implications of this rapid increase in technological innovation? What can be done to meet the needs of the millions of displaced workers?

技術(shù)、人工智能和機(jī)器人技術(shù)的進(jìn)步將迅速改變我們所知道的勞動(dòng)力市場。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，許多工人將會(huì)永久失業(yè)。這種技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的快速增長會(huì)帶來什么影響？如何才能滿足數(shù)百萬流離失所工人的需求？

2021年HIEEC論文寫作官方命題

問題1：

1. The current national debt of the United States stands at roughly $29 trillion, a value greater than the GDP. Some argue that this mountain of debt constitutes an economic threat. Others reassure the public that debt is no cause for concern. Is the national debt a matter for concern, and why or why not?

美國目前的國債約為29萬億美元，比國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值還要高。一些人認(rèn)為，堆積如山的債務(wù)構(gòu)成了經(jīng)濟(jì)威脅。其他人則向公眾保證，債務(wù)問題沒有什么值得擔(dān)心的。國家債務(wù)問題值得關(guān)注嗎？為什么？

問題2：

2. As governments around the world struggled to control the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, international trade took a massive blow as it experienced unprecedented production chain disruptions. How did such disruptions affect varying economic agents – from individuals to entire nations? What can be done to temper current shocks and prevent future ones?

在世界各國政府努力控制新冠疫情的影響之際，國際貿(mào)易遭受了巨大打擊，它經(jīng)歷了前所未有的生產(chǎn)鏈中斷打擊。這種破壞是如何影響到從個(gè)人到國家不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的？我們能做些什么來緩和當(dāng)前的沖擊并防止未來的沖擊呢？

問題3：

3. The Sherman Act of 1890 outlaws "every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of trade," and any "monopolization, attempted monopolization, or conspiracy or combination to monopolize." Over a century after it was adopted, the Sherman Act still actively informs United States antitrust policy. However, many lawmakers are now considering redefining these policies. Is antitrust regulation outdated and in need of modernization? What new policies, if any, should legislators propose? How will these changes affect markets?

1890年的《謝爾曼法案》（Sherman Act）宣布“任何限制貿(mào)易的合同、組合或陰謀”以及任何“壟斷、企圖壟斷、共謀或聯(lián)合壟斷”均為非法。在《謝爾曼法》被采納一個(gè)多世紀(jì)后，它仍然積極地指導(dǎo)著美國的反壟斷政策。然而，許多議員現(xiàn)在正在考慮重新定義這些政策。反壟斷監(jiān)管是否已經(jīng)過時(shí)，是否需要現(xiàn)代化？如果有新的政策，立法者應(yīng)該提出什么新政策？這些變化將如何影響市場？

問題4：

4. The rise of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), in addition to existing forms of decentralized cryptocurrencies, could eventually shape the way global finance is conducted through technology. This spells significant economic and political repercussions, especially as non-US countries such as China implement CBDCs to varying extents. In light of these developments, how should the Federal Reserve, European Central Bank, or other institutions and governments proceed with the development of CBDCs in their respective economies?

央行數(shù)字貨幣（CBDCs）的崛起，以及現(xiàn)有形式的去中心化加密貨幣，最終可能會(huì)塑造出一種基于技術(shù)的全球金融方式。這將帶來重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治影響，尤其是在中國等非美國國家不同程度地實(shí)施CBDC的情況下。鑒于這些發(fā)展，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)、歐洲中央銀行或其他機(jī)構(gòu)和政府應(yīng)如何在各自的經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展CBDC?

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