CIE A Level Biology復(fù)習(xí)筆記6.2.1 From Gene to Polypeptide

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月10日下午2:47

From Gene to Polypeptide

A?gene?is a?sequence of nucleotides?that forms part of a DNA molecule (one DNA molecule contains many genes)
This sequence of nucleotide bases (the gene)?codes for the production of a specific polypeptide?(protein)
Protein molecules are made up of a series of?amino acids?bonded together
The?shape?and?behaviour?of a protein molecule depends on the?exact sequence?of these amino acids (the initial sequence of amino acids is known as the?primary structure?of the protein molecule)
The?genes in DNA molecules, therefore, control protein structure?(and as a result, protein function) as?they determine the exact sequence in which the amino acids join together?when proteins are synthesised in a cell

From-gene-to-polypeptide

A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that codes for the production of a specific protein molecule (polypeptide)

Exam Tip

One gene codes for one mRNA molecule, which codes for one polypeptide. This is known as the central dogma of molecular biology.Remember – each chromosome in a human cell nucleus contains one very long DNA molecule. This DNA molecule is made up of thousands of specific nucleotide sequences called genes that code for specific proteins. Even though these genes are all found within the same DNA molecule and are therefore all linked up, the cell knows where individual genes start and stop. This ensures the cell reads the DNA correctly and can produce the correct protein molecules that it requires to function properly.

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