Flame test 是as化學中的一個重點,幾乎逢考必出,而且思路其實并不復雜,各位學A-level(alevel)的同學一定要弄懂這個知識點啊
Flame test 的目的一般是檢驗化學鹽類物質中有什么ion (離子),畢竟大部分鹽類都是無色或者白色的粉末(powder)
真題中經常會出現對實驗步驟的考察,各位一定要做好筆記哦
Carrying out a flame test
Practical details
Clean a platinum or nichrome (a nickel-chromium alloy) wire by dipping it intoconcentratedhydrochloric acid and thenholding it in a hot Bunsen flame.Repeat this untilthe wire doesn't produce any colour in the flame.
When the wire is clean, moisten it again with some of the acid and then dip it into a small amount ofthe solid you are testing so that some sticks to the wire. Place the wire back in theflame again.
When heated, the electrons in the metal iongain energy andcan jump into higherenergy levels. Because this is energetically unstable, the electrons tend to fall back down to where they werebefore,releasing energy as they do so. This energy is released as light energy,and as these transitions vary from one metal ion to another, it leads to thecharacteristic colours given by each metal ion.