物理學(xué)科的英語(yǔ)詞匯

cohesive?adj.(?formal?)

1.結(jié)成一個(gè)整體的

?a cohesive group?一個(gè)緊密團(tuán)結(jié)的群體

2.使結(jié)合的；使凝結(jié)的；使內(nèi)聚的

?the cohesive power of shared suffering?共患難的內(nèi)聚力

?well-structured sentences illustrating the use of cohesive markers such as‘nevertheless’ and ‘however’?能夠表明像nevertheless和however這類連詞用法的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)木渥?/p>

horizontal?

adj.水平的；與地面平行的；橫的

?horizontal lines?橫線

1. the horizontal?[?U]水平位置

?He shifted his position from the horizontal.?他從水平姿勢(shì)變換成其他姿勢(shì)。

2. [?C]?水平線；水平面；橫線；橫切面

bulk

1. [?sing.]?the ~ (ofsth)主體；大部分

?The bulk of the population lives in cities.?大多數(shù)人口居住在城市里。

2. [?U]?（大）體積；大（量）

?Despite its bulk and weight, the car is extremely fast.

?a?bulk order??一份大批量的訂單

?bulk buying（常指以低價(jià)）大量購(gòu)買

?It's cheaper to buy?in bulk?.?大批購(gòu)買便宜些。

3. [?sing.]巨大的體重（或重量、形狀、身體等）

?She heaved her bulk out of the chair.?她挪動(dòng)龐大的軀體，費(fèi)力地從椅子里站起來。

rim

1.（圓形物體的）邊沿

?He looked at them over the rim of his glass.?他從杯口的上方看著他們。

?The rims of her eyes were red with crying.?她的眼眶都哭紅了。

?spectacles with gold rims?金框眼鏡

2. 輪輞；輪圈

3. -rimmed??有…框（或邊）的

?gold-rimmed spectacles?金框眼鏡

?red-rimmed eyes?(= for example, from crying)?眼眶紅紅的眼睛

brink?n. [?sing.]

1. the ~ (of sth)（新的、危險(xiǎn)的，或令人興奮的處境的）邊緣，初始狀態(tài)

?on the?brink of collapse/war/death/disaster?瀕于崩潰╱戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)╱死亡╱災(zāi)難

?Scientists are on the brink of making a major new discovery.?科學(xué)家很快就會(huì)有新的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

?He's pulled the company?back from the brink?(= he has saved it from disaster)?.?他使公司起死回生。

2. (?literary)（峭壁、河岸等的）邊沿，邊緣

?the brink of the precipice?懸崖邊緣

elasticity [?U]?彈性；彈力

cohesion [?U]

1. (?formal?)?黏合；結(jié)合；凝聚性SYN?unity

?the cohesion of the nuclear family?核心家庭的內(nèi)聚性

?social/political/economiccohesion?社會(huì)╱政治╱經(jīng)濟(jì)凝聚性

2. (?physics 物chemistry 化)?內(nèi)聚力

impetus?n.

1. [?Using.]?~ (for sth)~ (to sth/to do sth)?動(dòng)力；推動(dòng)；促進(jìn)；刺激?SYN?stimulus

?to give (a)?new/freshimpetus?to sth?給某事物以新的推進(jìn)力

?The debate seems to have lost muchof its initial impetus.?辯論會(huì)似乎沒有開始時(shí)那么大的沖勁了。

?His articles provided the mainimpetus for change.?他的那些文章是促進(jìn)變革的主要推動(dòng)力。

2. [?U]?(?technical 術(shù)語(yǔ))?動(dòng)量；動(dòng)力；慣性

decelerate?v. (?formal?)

1. [?VN]?（使）減速行駛；降低運(yùn)行速度

2.（使）減緩，變慢SYN?slow down

Economicgrowth decelerated sharply in June.?六月份經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)大幅度減緩。

precipitate

[?VN]

1.使…突然降臨；加速（壞事的發(fā)生）SYN?bring on?spark off

?His resignation precipitated aleadership crisis.?他的辭職立即引發(fā)了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的危機(jī)。

2. ~ sb/sth into sth?使突然陷入（某種狀態(tài)）

?The assassination of the presidentprecipitated the country into war.?總統(tǒng)被暗殺使國(guó)家驟然陷入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。

adj.魯莽的；草率的；倉(cāng)促的

N.沉淀物；析出物

expedite?[?VN]?(?formal?)??加快；加速SYN?speed up

??We havedeveloped rapid order processing to expedite deliveries to customers.?我們已創(chuàng)造了快速處理訂單的方法以便迅速將貨物送達(dá)顧客。

quiver

1.強(qiáng)烈感情；哆嗦；微顫；抖動(dòng)

?He felt a quiver of excitement run through him.?他覺得渾身上下都興奮起來。

?Jane couldn't help the quiver in her voice.?簡(jiǎn)不禁聲音顫抖。

2.箭筒；箭套

[?V]?輕微顫動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)；抽動(dòng)；哆嗦

?Her lip quivered and then she started to cry.?她嘴唇微微一顫就哭了起來。

jar

1.（玻璃）罐子；廣口瓶

?a storage jar?廣口貯藏瓶

2.一罐，一瓶（的量）

?a jar of coffee?一罐咖啡

3.?缸；壇子

?a water jar?水缸

4. [?sing.]?猛然震動(dòng)；撞擊

?The fall gave him a nasty jar.?這一跤把他摔得好厲害。

1. ~ (sth)(on sth)（使）撞擊，受震動(dòng)而疼痛

?The jolt seemed to jar every bonein her body.?這震動(dòng)似乎把她渾身上下每根骨頭都弄疼了。

?The spade jarred on somethingmetal.?鐵鍬撞在什么金屬物件上發(fā)出刺耳的聲音。

2. ~ (on sth)（對(duì)…）產(chǎn)生不快的影響；使煩躁 SYN?grate

?His constant moaning was beginningto jar on her nerves.?他不停的呻吟使她焦躁不安起來。

?There was a jarring note oftriumph in his voice.?他聲音里含有一種煩人的揚(yáng)揚(yáng)得意的口氣。

3. [?V]?~ (withsth)（與…）不協(xié)調(diào)，不和諧，相沖突 SYN?clash

?Her brown shoes jarred with therest of the outfit.?她那雙棕色的鞋與她的衣著不協(xié)

vibration?n.震動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)；（感情的）共鳴

?We could feel the vibrations fromthe trucks passing outside.?我們可以感到外面卡車經(jīng)過時(shí)的顫動(dòng)。

?a reduction in the level ofvibration in the engine?發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)震動(dòng)程度的下降

discharge

1.[?usuallypassive]?~ sb (fromsth)準(zhǔn)許（某人）離開；解雇

?Patients were being dischargedfrom the hospital too early.?病人都過早獲準(zhǔn)出院。

?She had discharged herself againstmedical advice.?她不聽醫(yī)囑擅自出院了。

?He was discharged from the armyfollowing his injury.?他受傷后就退伍了。

?She was discharged from the policeforce for bad conduct.?她因行為不軌被清除出警察隊(duì)伍。

2.?[?oftenpassive] 釋放

?He was?conditionallydischarged?afteradmitting the theft.?他承認(rèn)偷盜行為后被有條件地釋放了。

3. ~ (sth) (into sth)排出；放出；流出

?The river is diverted through thepower station before discharging into the sea.?這條河改道經(jīng)水電站后流入大海。

?The factory was fined fordischarging chemicals into the river.?這家工廠因往河里排放化學(xué)物質(zhì)而被罰款。

4. (?technical 術(shù)語(yǔ))發(fā)（力）；放（電）

?Lightning is caused by cloudsdischarging electricity.?閃電是由云層放電產(chǎn)生的。

5.?(?formal?)盡（職）；完成；履行

?to?dischargeyour duties/ responsibilities/obligations?履行職責(zé)╱責(zé)任╱義務(wù)

?to?dischargea debt?(= to payit)?清償債務(wù)

6. (?formal?)射出；開火

1. [?UC]?排出（物）；放出（物）；流出（物）

?a ban on the discharge of toxicwaste?禁止有毒廢物的排放

?thunder and lightning caused byelectrical discharges?由放電產(chǎn)生的雷電

?nasal/vaginaldischarge?(= fromthe nose/?vagina?)?鼻涕；陰道分泌物

2. [?UC]?~ (from sth)獲準(zhǔn)離開；免職；出院；退伍

3. [?U]?(?formal?)?（任務(wù)或職責(zé)的）履行，執(zhí)行；（債務(wù)的）清償

?the?dischargeof debts/obligations?債務(wù)的清償；義務(wù)的履

diffuse

1.彌漫的；擴(kuò)散的；漫射的

?diffuse light?漫射光

?a diffuse community?居住分散的社群

2.不清楚的；難解的；冗長(zhǎng)的；啰唆的

?a diffuse style of writing?冗贅的文體

1. (?formal?)?傳播；普及；使分散；散布

?The problem is how to diffuse power without creating anarchy.?問題在于如何將權(quán)力分散而不造成無(wú)政府狀態(tài)。

?Technologies diffuse rapidly.?技術(shù)普及非常快。

2. (?technical 術(shù)語(yǔ))?（使氣體或液體）擴(kuò)散，彌漫，滲透

3. (?formal?)?（使光）模糊，漫射，漫散

?The moon was fuller than the night before, but the light was diffused bycloud.?月亮比頭一天晚上更圓，但因云層遮掩而月光朦朧。

emit?發(fā)出，射出，散發(fā)（光、熱、聲音、氣等）

??The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.?金屬容器開始發(fā)出咔嗒咔嗒的聲音。

??Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano.?硫磺氣體由火山噴發(fā)出來。

transpire?v.(?formal?)

1. [?V that]?(?通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)?)?公開；透露；為人所知

?It transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank.?據(jù)報(bào)這伙歹徒在銀行里有內(nèi)應(yīng)。

?This story, it later transpired, was untrue.?后來得知，此事純屬憑空假造。

2.?發(fā)生

?You're meeting him tomorrow? Let me know what transpires.?你明天和他見面嗎？把見面的情況告訴我。

3.?(?biology)?（植物）水分蒸發(fā)，蒸騰

eject?v.

1.~ sb (fromsth)(?formal?)驅(qū)逐；逐出；趕出SYN?throw out

?Police ejected a number of violentprotesters from the hall.?警察將一些暴力抗議者趕出了會(huì)議廳。

2.~ sth(from sth)噴出；噴射；排出

?Used cartridges are ejected fromthe gun after firing.?空彈殼在射擊后從槍里彈出。

3.（飛行員在飛機(jī)墜毀前從彈射座椅）彈出

4.（按鍵后磁帶、磁盤）彈出；使彈出

fusion?n.

1.[?Using.]?融合；熔接；結(jié)合

?the fusion of copper and zinc toproduce brass?銅與鋅熔合成黃銅

?The movie displayed a perfectfusion of image and sound.

2.[?U]?(?physics 物)核聚變；熱核反應(yīng)

3.合成音樂，混合音樂（尤指爵士樂和搖滾樂）

4.（各種方式的）混合烹調(diào)

?French–Thai fusion?法泰式混合烹飪

thermometer?n.溫度計(jì)；寒暑表；體溫計(jì)

??a thermometer reading?溫度計(jì)讀數(shù)

thaw

1. ?~ (out)(?of ice and snow?)（結(jié)冰后）解凍，融化，融解SYN?meltOPP?freeze

2.天氣暖和得使冰雪融化（或解凍）

?It's starting to thaw.?天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖，冰雪開始融化了。

3. ~ (sth)(out)使冷凍食品）化凍

?Leave the meat to thaw completelybefore cooking.?讓凍肉完全化凍后再烹煮。

4. ~ (sth)(out)（使）回到正常溫度，變暖

?I could feel my ears and toes startto thaw out.?我覺得耳朵和腳趾暖和過來了。

5. ~ (out)?變得友好（或隨和、不拘束）

?Relations between the two countriesthawed a little after the talks.?談判后兩國(guó)關(guān)系緩和了些。

clot [?V]（血或乳脂）凝結(jié)成塊

?a drug that stops blood from clotting during operations?手術(shù)時(shí)防止血液凝結(jié)成塊的藥物[?VN]

?the blood clotting agent, Factor 8?凝血因子VIII

sublimate?v.

[?VN]?(?psychology 心)升華，使高尚化（把性欲沖動(dòng)等轉(zhuǎn)移到工作、鍛煉、藝術(shù)等社會(huì)可接受的活動(dòng)中）SYN?channel

distillationn. 精餾，蒸餾，凈化；蒸餾法；精華，蒸餾物

clutter

[?VN]?~ sth (up) (with sth/sb) ?凌亂地塞滿；亂堆放

?Don't clutter the page with too many diagrams.?別用太多的圖表來堆砌版面。

?I don't want all these files cluttering up my desk.?我不想看到所有這些文檔亂堆在我的桌子上。

?Try not to clutter your head with trivia.?盡量別滿腦子都想些雞毛蒜皮的事。

[?Using.]?(?disapproving)?雜亂的東西（尤指不需要的或無(wú)用的）；雜亂

?There's always so much clutter on your desk!?你桌子上總有那么多亂七八糟的東西！

?There was a clutter of bottles and tubes on the shelf.?架子上胡亂堆滿了瓶子和管子。

equilibrium?n.???/?i?kw??l?bri?m/??

1.?平衡；均衡；均勢(shì)

?The point at which the solid and the liquid are?in equilibrium?iscalled the freezing point.?固體和液體的平衡點(diǎn)叫做冰點(diǎn)。

?Any disturbance to the body's state of equilibrium can produce stress.?對(duì)身體平衡狀態(tài)的任何干擾都可能產(chǎn)生壓力。

?We have achieved an equilibrium in the economy.?我們已在經(jīng)濟(jì)上達(dá)到平衡。

2.（心情、情緒）平靜，安寧；心理平衡

?He sat down to try and recover his equilibrium.?他坐了下來，努力恢復(fù)平靜。

density?n. (?pl.?-ities)

1. [?U]密集；稠密；密度；濃度

?population density?人口密度

?low density forest?低密度森林

2. [?CU]?(?physics物)密度（固體、液體或氣體單位體積的質(zhì)量）

?the density of a gas?一種氣體的密度

3. [?U]?(?computing計(jì))密度（磁盤存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的可用空間）

?a?high/double density?floppy?高密度╱雙密度軟盤

dilute/da??lu?t/??

[?VN] SYN?water down

1. ~ sth(with sth)稀釋；沖淡

?The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade.?這顏料可用水稀釋以使色度淡一些。

2.削弱；降低；使降低效果

?Large classes dilute the quality of education that children receive.?大班上課會(huì)降低孩子所受教育的質(zhì)量。

declivity下坡，傾斜

foam

1. (?also??foam ?rubber?)?[?U]?泡沫橡膠；海綿橡膠

?a foam mattress?泡沫橡膠床墊

?foam packaging?泡沫橡膠包裝材料

2. [?U]?泡沫SYN?froth

?a glass of beer with a good head offoam?上面有厚厚一層泡沫的一杯啤酒

?The breaking waves left the beachcovered with foam.?浪花四濺，海灘上滿是泡沫。

3.泡沫劑（用于洗滌、剃須、滅火等）

?shaving foam?剃須泡沫膏

[?V]?(?of a liquid?液體?)?有泡沫；起泡沫

foam atthe mouth (?informal?)?(?of a person)?to be very angry?大發(fā)雷霆

ventilation通風(fēng)設(shè)備，空氣流通

evaporate?v.

1.（使）蒸發(fā)，揮發(fā)

?Heat until all the water has evaporated.?加熱直至水全部蒸發(fā)。

?The sun is constantly evaporating the earth's moisture.?太陽(yáng)使地球上的濕氣不斷蒸發(fā)。

2.（逐漸）消失，消散，衰減

?Her confidence had now completely evaporated.?她的信心已消失殆盡。

thermodynamic熱力學(xué)的

attrition?[?U] (?formal?)（尤指給敵人造成的）削弱，消耗

?It was a?war of attrition.?這是一場(chǎng)消耗戰(zhàn)。

The?attrition?is?even?to satisfy?the?requirement?ofits?working?life,?which provides?the?electromagnetic brake?withbetter?security?and?longer?working?life.

磨損均勻，滿足了工作壽命的相關(guān)要求，為電磁制動(dòng)器安全制動(dòng)、延長(zhǎng)工作壽命提供了保證。

chafe?v.

1.擦痛；擦得紅腫

?Her wrists chafed where the rope had been.?她的手腕上繩子勒過的地方都磨紅了。

?The collar was far too tight and chafed her neck.?衣領(lǐng)特別緊，把她脖子磨痛了。

2. [?V]?~ (at/under sth)(?formal?)?（尤指因受限制而）惱怒，煩惱，焦躁

?He soon chafed at the restrictions of his situation.?他很快便因?yàn)樘幪幨艿较拗贫械綈阑稹?/p>

resonance?n.

1. [?U]?(?formal?)?(?ofsound?聲音?)洪亮；響亮

?Her voice had a strange and thrilling resonance.?她的聲音洪亮，有一種奇特的震撼人心的效果。

2. [?CU]?(?technical術(shù)語(yǔ))??共鳴；共振；諧振

3. [?UC]?(?formal?)?(?ina piece of writing, music, etc.??)激發(fā)聯(lián)想的力量；引起共鳴的力量；

ultrasonics?/,?ltr?'sɑn?ks/?n. 超聲波學(xué)，超聲學(xué)

sonar [?U]?聲吶（利用聲波探測(cè)水下物體的裝置或系統(tǒng)）

acoustic?adj. /??ku?st?k/??

1.?聲音的；音響的；聽覺的

2. [?usually before noun]?(?of amusical instrument or performance?)?原聲的；自然聲的

electromagnetic?adj.(?physics物)?電磁的

??an?electromagnetic wave/field?電磁波╱場(chǎng)

electromagnetism??電磁學(xué)；電磁

amplify?v.

1.放大，增強(qiáng)（聲音等）

?to?amplify a guitar/an electric current/a signal?放大吉他聲音╱電流╱信號(hào)

2. (?formal??闡發(fā)，充實(shí)（故事、事情、陳述等）

?She refused to amplify further.?她拒絕提供詳情。

?You may need to amplify this point.?你可能需要對(duì)這一點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步予以說明。

amplifier?n.

( also?informal?amp?)?放大器；擴(kuò)音器；揚(yáng)聲器

??a 25 watt amplifier?一臺(tái)25瓦擴(kuò)音器

insulator?n.隔熱（或絕緣、隔音等的）材料（或裝置）

ultraviolet?adj. [?usuallybefore noun]

( abbr.?UV)?(?physics 物)?紫外線的；利用紫外線的

??ultraviolet rays?(= that causethe skin to go darker)?紫外線

??an ultraviolet lamp?紫外線燈

oscillation?n./??s??le??n/?(?formal?)

1. [?Using.]?擺動(dòng)；搖擺；振動(dòng)

?the oscillation of the compass needle?羅盤指針的擺動(dòng)

?the economy's continual oscillation between growth and recession?經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與衰退之間的持續(xù)波動(dòng)

2. [?C]?一次波動(dòng)；浮動(dòng)；振幅

?the oscillations of the pound against foreign currency?英鎊兌外幣匯價(jià)的波動(dòng)

3.（情感、行為、思想的）搖擺不定，變化無(wú)常，猶豫不定

?his oscillation, as a teenager, between science and art?十幾歲的他對(duì)學(xué)文科還是學(xué)理科的猶豫不決

statics 靜力學(xué)

translucent?adj. (?formal?)?半透明的

magnifier?n.放大器；放大鏡

lens?n.

1.透鏡；鏡片

?a pair of glasses with tinted lenses?一副有色鏡片眼鏡

?a camera with an adjustable lens?帶有可調(diào)鏡頭的照相機(jī)

?a?lens cap/cover?鏡頭帽╱蓋

2. (?informal?) =?contact lens

?Have you got your lenses in??你戴了隱形眼鏡嗎？

3. (?anatomy 解)?the transparent part of the eye, behind the?pupil?,that focuses light so that you can see clearly?（眼球的）晶狀體