英語標準化考試: 托福、雅思、托業等之間的區別（1）

Category: 托福雅思 Date: 2019年2月6日下午3:54

TOEFL, IELTS, and TOEIC, comparing the standardized tests of English

International students and workers must take a standardized test of English to move into higher levels of education and employment. There are three popular tests that universities or employers can use. They are the Test of English as a Foreign Language, TOEFL, the Test of English for International Communication, TOEIC, and the International English Language Testing System, IELTS.
國際學生和國際工人為了接受更高水平的教育和進入更高層次的就業單位，必須參加英語標準化考試。大學或雇主可以采用三種流行的考試方式。它們分別是：托福（Test of English as a Foreign Language，簡稱：TOEFL）；托業（Test of English for International Communication，簡稱：TOEIC）；雅思（International English Language Testing System，簡稱：IELTS）。
In most cases, the choice is clear. A student applying to a school learns which test the program requires. However, some programs or universities will accept scores from any of the international tests of English. Then, a student may choose which test to take.
在大多數情況下，怎么選擇是很清楚的。一個學生申請哪個學校，就要學習這個學校所要求的考試。然而，有些項目或大學會認可這三種英語國際測試成績中的任何一種。這時，學生可以自己選擇要參加哪個考試。
The TOEIC tests workplace communication
托業測試的是工作環境中的溝通能力
The Educational Testing Service, ETS, in Princeton, New Jersey, develops and administers both the TOEFL and the TOEIC. It says the TOEIC measures the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment.
位于新澤西州普林斯頓的美國教育考試服務中心(ETS)負責開發和監管托福和托業考試。托業考試衡量的是在國際環境中工作的人們的日常英語技能。
The TOEIC test started in the 1970s. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry asked ETS to develop a test for corporations to use. They wanted to know if non-native English speakers could carry out business in English.
托業考試開始于20世紀70年代。日本國際貿易和工業部(Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry)要求美國教育考試服務中心開發一種供企業使用的考試。他們想知道非英語國家的人是否能用英語從事商業活動。
The TOEIC does not require knowledge of special business words
托業考試不需要特殊的商務詞匯方面的知識
The TOEIC is based on English used in the workplace. But the test does not require knowledge of special business words. The questions come from real situations like attending a company meeting.
托業以工作場合所使用的英語為基礎。但是這個測試不需要特殊的商務詞匯方面的知識。考試試題源自實際情景，如參加公司會議等。
Organizations sometimes use the TOEIC to measure progress in English training programs. They also use it to consider people for placement at the right level in language programs. ETS says that 14,000 organizations in 150 countries use the TOEIC.
有些機構有時用托業來衡量英語培訓項目的進展。依據語言水平進行職位配置時，他們也會使用托業考試。美國教育考試服務中心表示，150個國家的14000個組織使用托業考試。
The TOEFL tests English used in the classroom
托福測試的是課堂上使用英語的能力
There are several versions of the TOEFL.
托福考試有幾種形式。
TOEFL IBT
托福網考，即新托福
Students take the Internet-based TOEFL, or TOEFL IBT, on a computer. Many U.S. universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.
學生在電腦上通過互聯網進行考試(TOEFL IBT)。許多美國的大學在招收國際學生時都要求網考。
TOEFL ITP
學院托福
Another TOEFL is the paper-based TOEFL, or TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETS's institutional testing program. TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not accepted for entrance to universities.
另一種托福考試形式是紙考(TOEFL ITP)。這是美國教育考試中心的學院托福。學院托福在院校中用于學生的實習或評估學生的進步。它不作為大學錄取標準。
TOEFL Junior Test
初中托福考試
For young English learners, there are two new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for young people between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight.
對年輕的英語學習者，新托福有兩種考試形式。初中托福考試(TOEFL Junior Test)是為11到15歲的年輕人準備的。小學托福考試( TOEFL Primary Test)針對8歲以上的學生。