加威教育計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)(Computer Science)之“五問(wèn)五答”（上）

Computer Science

加威教育計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)(Computer Science)之“五問(wèn)五答”（下）

1.????Q: What is computer science?

一問(wèn)：什么是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)？

A: The essence of computer science is to, with assistance of computer processor and software, solve real-world problems. Simply put, Computer Science is a school of study that makes the most of the knowledge from computer programming and software. In reality, computers view the world (or the world in theirs heads) as different types of data and then, manipulate and utilize these data. Basically,? countless of real-world circumstances can be illustrated by programming, or coding. One suitable example will be the task of handling the busy traffic,? where we should view each passing car, interp, and traffic light as a certain object. In the realm of computer science, an object is a thing that has its own attributes and behaviors. Handling each object separately will help us simplify the whole problem.

一答：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的核心要義就是利用計(jì)算機(jī)解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的種種問(wèn)題。簡(jiǎn)而言之，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)是一門依托計(jì)算機(jī)軟件和處理系統(tǒng)的實(shí)用科學(xué)，它利用計(jì)算機(jī)本身高效的處理速度和各種各樣復(fù)雜的功能，去解決人們生活中遇到的具體問(wèn)題。實(shí)際上，計(jì)算機(jī)是這樣看待它們心中的世界的：所有的不同種類的事物都是某種數(shù)據(jù)，將這些數(shù)據(jù)打包、整理、處理、再輸出是它們最重要的工作。生活中很多情形都可以利用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)模擬并且處理。舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，在處理繁忙的交通車流量問(wèn)題時(shí)，我們可以把每輛車、每個(gè)路口、每個(gè)交通信號(hào)燈都當(dāng)做一個(gè)對(duì)象（在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)里被稱為Object），每個(gè)對(duì)象都有與之對(duì)應(yīng)的屬性和表現(xiàn)，我們分別處理即可，整個(gè)問(wèn)題就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單明了化。

2.????Q: What are some of the most popular programming languages?

二問(wèn)：哪些計(jì)算機(jī)編程語(yǔ)言比較流行呢？

A: For the time being, Java, C++, and Python are probably the three most popular programming languages globally. Each of them has some advantages and disadvantages. For instance, Java and Python are easier to learn, with simpler formats and syntax. Meanwhile, C++ is more time-efficient and closer to the operating system. Normally, it is highly advisable for starters to learn Java and Python first.

二答：目前來(lái)說(shuō)，Java、C++、Python很可能是最流行的三種計(jì)算機(jī)編程語(yǔ)言。當(dāng)然，他們當(dāng)中每一個(gè)都有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。比如說(shuō)，Java和Python比較容易學(xué)習(xí)和上手，它們有相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和形式。與Java和Python比較而言，C++更具高效性，更接近于計(jì)算機(jī)的處理系統(tǒng)。對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，Java和Python還是比較容易上手的。

3.????Q: What can you do with computer science/programming/coding?

三問(wèn)：利用計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)/編程/打碼，你具體能做些什么呢？

A: Just like the essence of computer science, you can solve many real-world problems by means of coding. For example, you can design an APP to help you choose the most suitable career in the future, or you can write some code to solve a hard puzzle, or you can simply write some code to find out the shortest path out from a certain maze. Anyway, programming makes your life easier.

三答：正如計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的核心要義一樣，你可以利用編程去解決相當(dāng)多的日常生活中遇到的問(wèn)題。舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，你可以創(chuàng)造一個(gè)APP去幫助自己選擇一個(gè)最適合自己的未來(lái)職業(yè)；你可以利用編程去解決一個(gè)用手根本無(wú)法解決的復(fù)雜難題；你還可以利用編程去找一條最短的離開迷宮的路線。總而言之，編程能力一定會(huì)使你的生活變得方便和輕松很多。

4.????Q: What is programming language? What is machine language? How does it differ than the machine language?

四問(wèn)：什么是編程語(yǔ)言？什么是計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言？?jī)烧咧g有何區(qū)別？

A: Normally, when people are talking about programming language, they are referring to those HLLs, or High Level Languages. For instance, Java, Python, C++ are all high-level languages. Basically, high level languages are human-readable and human-understandable programming language. To be more specific, in Java, if you want to print something like “I love computer science!” out on the console, you will just need to type “System.out.println(“I love computer science!”)”. Then your computer will totally understand this in Java and print it out on the screen for you to see. Machine language, on the other hand, is literally made of ones and zeroes, such as “10101011” and “00001”. Your computer is able to directly understand the machine language. However, HLL will need to be compiled and converted to machine language in order for computers to work.

四答：通常來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)人們討論編程語(yǔ)言，他們往往指的是高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言。Java、Python、C++都是高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言。大體來(lái)說(shuō)，高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言是一種人類能看懂的，按照一定規(guī)則來(lái)執(zhí)行的語(yǔ)句或段落。更具體來(lái)說(shuō)，拿Java來(lái)舉個(gè)例子，如果你想在屏幕上打出“我熱愛計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)！”這行字，你只需要輸入“System.out.println(“我熱愛計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)!”)；”. 這樣，你的電腦就知道你是要用Java編程語(yǔ)言去打出這些字了。計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，相較于高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言，則完全是由0和1構(gòu)成的，比如說(shuō)“10101011”和“00001”. 你的計(jì)算機(jī)能夠直接理解你寫的任何計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，然而，你的計(jì)算機(jī)并不能直接理解高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言。這些高級(jí)編程語(yǔ)言往往需要被轉(zhuǎn)化為計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，才能被執(zhí)行。

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